The latter was predominant in the southern region: 581 of the 766 Fusarium isolates belonging to F. The former was predominant in the northern region: 1022 of the 1078 Fusarium isolates in the north were F. graminearum, and the remaining 637 isolates belonged to F. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of EF-1α and Tri101sequences, 1207 of the 1844 isolates belonged to F. To maximize the differences in climatic conditions, isolates were sampled from the north and south HHP region. A total of 1844 Fusarium isolates were obtained from 103 fields of two cropping systems: maize-wheat and rice-wheat rotations. asiaticum is related to cropping systems and/or climate factors. We investigated whether the relative prevalence of F. asiaticum, the causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB), are present. In the main wheat production area of China (The Huang Huai Plain, HHP), both Fusarium graminearum and F. Our spore trap proved to be a highly valuable tool to not only study FHB epidemiology but also to identify innovative cropping systems with a lower risk for FHB and DON contamination. In field experiments to compare cropping systems, we observed a high correlation between the DON content in wheat grains and the number of colonies from deposited spores. We compared the data of our low-cost trap with those of a commercial high-throughput jet sampler and obtained equivalent results. In consequence, we developed spore traps containing a Petri dish with Fusarium-selective agar, protected by aluminum dishes and attached on a wooden board. Commercial spore traps are expensive and require power sources, thus, they are not suitable for investigations in field experiments with different treatments.
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The best measure to evaluate the disease pressure is spore traps that detect deposited airborne ascospores. Infected plant debris from previous crops, on which perithecia and ascospores develop, represent the main source for FHB, and hence, improved cropping systems aim to reduce this inoculum to decrease the infection risk. Agronomic factors such as crop rotation, soil management and host genotype strongly influence the occurrence of F. Its most common toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), impairs food and feed safety and has an enormous economic impact. Worldwide, Fusarium graminearum is the most dominant FHB-causing species. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat.